Certain medications can also increase the risk of muscle cramps. Some blood pressure medications, diuretics, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and other treatments may affect fluid balance or electrolyte levels. Anyone experiencing frequent cramps after starting a new medication should discuss the issue with their healthcare provider.
Age is another important factor. Nighttime leg cramps become more common as people grow older. Muscle mass naturally decreases with age, and changes in circulation, hydration, and nerve function may increase susceptibility to cramps.